Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian firmly declared that Tehran will not capitulate to the United States during his address to Indian religious leaders in New Delhi. Speaking on the eve of the 18th BRICS Summit, Pezeshkian emphasized Iran’s resilience against aggression from both the U.S. and Israel, asserting the country’s commitment to justice and refusal to yield to external pressure. This statement followed recent comments by former U.S. President Donald Trump, who justified his administration’s military actions against Iran as necessary to prevent further conflict.

During the summit weekend, Pezeshkian held a bilateral meeting with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Modi highlighted the critical importance of peace and stability in the Middle East, particularly urging a resolution of ongoing conflicts through dialogue and diplomacy. The Indian premier also voiced concerns about maritime safety and the continued flow of commerce through the Strait of Hormuz, a vital chokepoint for global oil shipments that has seen significant disruption due to the conflict between Iran and the U.S.

India’s energy security has been significantly affected by the regional hostilities, given its heavy reliance on imported fuel—approximately 85% of its needs—much of which transits the Strait of Hormuz. The recent escalation in the Iran-U.S. conflict has not only led to delays and dangers for seafarers but also contributed to surging global crude oil prices, intensifying challenges for a rapidly growing economy like India’s. Modi, while leading BRICS, also called for reforms in global governance structures like the UN Security Council to better represent the interests of countries from the Global South affected by such crises.

Amidst heightened tensions, BRICS members issued a joint declaration expressing deep concern over the escalating situation in the Middle East and called for the protection of civilians and civil infrastructure. The statement garnered consensus from Iran and the United Arab Emirates, whose relations had deteriorated recently but who engaged in dialogues on the summit sidelines. The warm interaction between Modi and Pezeshkian during this pivotal summit underscored the enduring historical and diplomatic ties between India and Iran despite the complex geopolitical environment.